Information activities
- "Wireless
File." Traditionally called the "wireless file" because it was orignally
sent and received by radio, today it is called "The Washington File" and
received at U.S. embassies on computer terminals where it arrives via satellite,
cable, microwave, land line, or a combination of these. Contents
of the file include such things as full texts of official statements and
speeches by U.S. officials; transcripts of press conferences and briefings
by The White House, State Department, and other U.S. Government agencies
as well as special features and interpretive articles.
- Speakers and
Specialists. Americans representing government, business, academia, media,
and community organizations conduct short-term speaking programs under State
Department auspices. Most are independent academics and professionals who
present their personal views and experiences.
- Professionals-in-Residence.
Professional specialists in such fields as law, business, public administration,
and the media spend from two weeks to several months in a country serving
as advisors to non-academic institutions.
- Teleconference
Programs. Through the combination of advanced technology and the telephone,
speakers unable to travel are linked with audiences overseas through either
voice or voice-and-video communications.
- Publications
and Electronic Media. A broad range of booklets, pamphlets, brochures, and
other special publications, often in multiple language editions, formerly
published by USIA for distribution by USIS posts, embassies and cultural
centers overseas, will now be a part of State Department programs.
- Foreign Press
Centers. Foreign Press Centers established by USIA in Washington, New York,
and Los Angeles provide a variety of services to more than 1,600 resident
foreign journalists, along with thousands more who visit the U.S. each year
on short-term assignments.
- Books and
Information Resource Centers. Information Resource Centers formerly maintained
by USIA and now by the Department of State, exist in many countries. Library
programs in many binational cultural centers also receive support. Book
programs include the translation and production of selected titles by foreign
publishers. By underwriting a portion of the production costs, translated
copies not only enter foreign commercial markets but copies become available
for Information Resource Centers and binational center libraries, and for
presentation to selected individuals and institutions
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- The Fulbright
Program of student, teacher, and scholar exchanges.
- Study of the
United States. By helping to establish and maintain quality U.S. studies
programs in foreign universities and secondary schools, this program promotes
better understanding of the United States.
- International
Visitors. The I.V. program brings people to the U.S. for three-to-four week
visits to meet and confer with professional counterparts and to experience
firsthand the United States and its institutions.
- Citizen Exchanges.
This program develops international exchange grant projects with American
non-profit institutions, including voluntary community organizations, professional
associations, and universities.
- Program for
Building Democratic Institutions. USIA developed a variety of programs to
help emerging democracies worldwide build institutions that support democratic
reform. They emphasize hands-on training and the development of professional
contacts.
- Performing
and Visual Arts. Under this program, the vitality, diversity and excellence
of American performing and visual arts are presented to audiences overseas.
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International broadcasting
International broadcasting,
which traditionally was included under the rubric of Information Activities
when discussing public diplomacy programs, merits a separate section. It
is an overseas program that goes directly to its audience rather than via
an embassy. The U.S. Government's international broadcasting entered a new
era when Congress passed the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (Public
Law 103-236). This legislation established the
International Broadcasting Bureau
(IBB) within USIA and set in motion the consolidation of all U.S. Government
international broadcasting--federally funded and grantee alike. All such
broadcasts are now overseen by the Bureau's Board of Governors. On October
1, 1999, the IBB became an independent agency.
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Voice of America
. As the U.S. Government's international radio service, the VOA provides
news and information in dozens of languages to an estimated ninety million
listeners worldwide. Accuracy and objectivity are sought as mandated by
the VOA Charter (Public Laws 94-350 and 103-415).
- VOA's "Affiliate"
Broadcasters. Besides direct broadcasts, VOA relies on "affiliate" radio
stations throughout the world to expand its listening audience. It provides
programming by satellite, prerecorded tape, or phone "feed" to over 1,000
"affiliates" worldwide.
- Worldwide
Television and Film Service. Television, including WORLDNET, a global television
network which first telecast to other countries via satellite Nov. 3, 1983,
is under the operational jurisdiction of the VOA. WORLDNET presents U.S.
perspectives on important domestic and international events; explains U.S.
Government policies to a global audience; and transmits a visual image of
American culture, history, and scientific and technological achievements.
In addition, the VOA produces television versions of some of its radio programs.
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Radio Marti and TV Marti
. Radio Marti broadcast its first program May 20, 1985, as authorized
by the Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1983 (Public Law 98-111). TV Marti transmitted
its first program on March 27, 1990. Directed toward Cuban audiences, both
must follow VOA standards of objectivity, accuracy, and balance in accordance
with the legislation which created these stations.
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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a nonprofit, private corporation
that broadcasts domestic news and information to Central Europe and the
former Soviet Union. It receives funding from IBB's Board of Governors. Its
headquarters is in Washington, D.C., and its broadcast center is in Prague,
Czech Republic. RFE/RL is a leading means of Western communication to newly
independent nations in a difficult transition to democracy and free market
economies.
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Radio Free Asia
. Radio Free Asia also receives grants from the Board of Governors.
It is a private, non-profit corporation that broadcasts domestic news and
information in seven languages to listeners who do not have access to full
and free news media.
RFA seeks
to promote the rights of freedom of opinion and expression -- including
freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any medium
regardless of frontiers. RFA broadcasts daily via shortwave to China, Tibet,
Burma, Vietnam, North Korea, and Cambodia in Mandarin, Tibetan, Burmese, Vietnamese,
Korean, Lao and Khmer. The broadcasts originate from RFA Washington, DC,
incorporating reports from correspondents and participants throughout Asia.
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Radio Sawa
. Radio Sawa ("Sawa" means "together" in Arabic) is a service of
U.S. International Broadcasting aimed at listeners under 30, operated and
funded by the Broadcasting Board of Governors. One of the guiding principles
of Radio Sawa is that the long-range interests of the United States are served
by communicating directly in Arabic with the peoples of the Middle East by
radio. Radio Sawa began broadcasting in March 2002 and is available 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week on FM frequencies throughout the Middle East. Radio
Sawa is also available via Nilesat, Arabsat, and Eutelsat.
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